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In the beginning -- The papal monarchy and the invention of the crusade -- The First Crusade -- Crusade and expansion in the early twelfth century -- Crusade, expansion and check, 1144-92 -- The zenith of the crusading movement, 1192-1254 -- Progress and miscalculation, 1254-1337 -- Failure and fragmentation, 1337-1444 -- Towards a new world, 1444-1714 -- Perspectives.
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