New product development (NPD) is one of the fundamental conditions for sustainable growth.
Shortened product life cycle and evolution of supply chain network require paradigm shifts in value chain management. Faster and more effective new product development cycle is becoming virtue for those firms competing in the modern turbulent business environment. Moreover recent competition occurs between supply chains rather than individual firms. Such changes force firms to consider coordination among supply chain partners as a fundamental strategic weapon.
Previous research on product development and supply chain management addressed that
coordination is a core mechanism of problem solving encountered during value chain management.
With regard to NPD, well-aligned and harmonious cooperation between value chain activities such as design, marketing, engineering, and manufacturing is widely accepted as one of the key success
factors. Studies in domain of SCM assess coordination among buyer-supplier relationships,
operation-distribution, and inventory-distribution to be a core mechanism.
In this thesis, roles of coordination’s structure as a key enabler of value chain management in
perspective of NPD and SCM are explored. In first essay, distribution of decision making power as a structural element of coordination in a two-echelon supply chain was considered. We build a
mathematical model with two decision making entities and demonstrate how distribution of decision
making power affects resource utilization and the performance of system. As a result, decision
makings by one dominant player perform poorly due to inefficient resource consumption in general.
And we argue that coordination under balanced decision making structure can optimize a supply
chain system.
In second essay we first suggest the concept of ‘fidelity between manufacturing and R&D
environment’ as an embodiment of coordination required for successful NPD. Based on the
accumulated body of previous studies, the fidelity concept was conceptualized and the structure of ‘fidelity between manufacturing and R&D environment’ was explored. To draw how managers
perceive this concept, case studies were conducted for five Korean firms. Results indicate that ‘fidelity between manufacturing and R&D environment’ is constituted with three factors such as structural factor, infrastructural factor and coordination factor. Each factor’s influence on NPD performance is mediated by firm-specific variables and products being developed.
Finally, as a widely utilized mechanism for ensuring coordination between NPD activities, NPD cross functional team was analyzed with 127 NPD projects data collected from a Korean appliance
manufacturer. To answer the question, what are structural factors of NPD project team that determine new product’s manufacturability, we conducted empirical analyses. Results provide empirical support for the two structural factors, that is, balanced composition of NPD CFT and physical collocation of NPD CFT during NPD process. These two factors enable appropriate communication within NPD team members and function through proper modes of problem solving with process specific and product specific knowledge embodied in NPD CFT
These three studies were conducted in different industrial context and by different methodologies. Due to these differences, the results cannot be synthesized directly. But major findings address that structure of coordination are at the core of value chain management and managers have to pay keen attention to it. Conclusively conceptual synthesis of the findings of these studies is provided and directions for future research are remarked.
하나의 시스템이 복수의 의사 결정자들의 집합으로 구성되어 있다는 점은 경영학에서 다루고 있는 많은 문제들을 야기하는 근본적인 특질이라고 볼 수 있다. 예를 들어 공급 사슬 경영 supply chain management 에서 다루고 있는 재고 관리 inventory management 의 문제는 공급자와 수요자로 구성되어 있는 시스템으로 볼 수 있으며, 공급 사슬 참여자 간의 계약 contract 문제 역시 그러하다.
비단 기업 간 관계에서뿐만 아니라, 다양한 가치 사슬 활동을 위한 하위 조직으로 구성된 기업 내에서의 의사 결정에서도 유사한 특징을 발견할 수 있다. 본질적으로 기업 내 다양한 부서들의 긴밀하고 유기적인 well-aligned 협력이 요구되는 신제품 개발 경영 분야에서 이 특징은 더욱 두드러진다. 때문에 신제품 개발 경영과 관련한 많은 연구들은 신제품 개발에 참여하는 주체들 간의 상호 작용에 초점을 두고 있는 경우가 많다.
현대 경영학에서 시도되고 있는 다양한 접근법들의 요체가 의사 결정 주체들의 전략 간의 조정-협력 coordination 에 있다고 볼 때, 조정-협력의 구조적 특질이 가치 사슬 경영 활동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것은 중요한 학문적 의미를 가진다.
본 논문은 다음과 같이 크게 두 부분으로 구성되어 있다.
먼저 Part I 에서는 두 의사 결정 주체가 존재하는 시스템에서 균형 의사 결정의 가치가 어디서 비롯되는지에 대해 고찰한다.
이어서 Part II 에서는 신제품 개발 과정에서 개발 환경과 생산 환경 간의 유사성이라는 개념을 제시하고 이를 어떻게 구체화할 수 있는지 사례 연구를 통해 알아본다. 이후, 신제품 개발 조직의 구성과 최종 제품의 제조용이성 manufacturability 간의 관계에 대한 실증 연구 결과를 보고한다.
마지막 7 장에서는 Part I 과 II 의 연구 결과를 요약한 결론을 기술한다
