서지주요정보
고농도 과산화수소 하이브리드 로켓 설계 및 성능 평가 = Design and performance evaluation of hybrid rocket using highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide
서명 / 저자 고농도 과산화수소 하이브리드 로켓 설계 및 성능 평가 = Design and performance evaluation of hybrid rocket using highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide / 강신재.
발행사항 [대전 : 한국과학기술원, 2016].
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8028813

소장위치/청구기호

학술문화관(문화관)B1층 보존서고

DAE 16010

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초록정보

The trend for space launch vehicle has been shifted from the performance to cost effectiveness represented by Space X falcon launch vehicle. Hybrid rocket system, which combines advantages of liquid and solid rocket, can provide low cost, and high safety solution, higher performance than solid rocket. Hydrogen peroxide has high density which reduces size of propellant tank, easy handling due to low toxicity and non-cryogenic property, and monopropellant characteristics which can be used to power oxidizer turbo pump with decomposed hot gas. Moreover, highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (≥95 wt.%) can provide higher specific impulse than 90 wt.% H2O2 and N2O, comparable density impulse than LOX. Therefore, several research group has been working on applying highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide to small satellite launch vehicle, sounding rocket, and sub-orbital spacecraft preliminary design. However, their work did not include experimental data of fuel regression rate, which is most critical parameter in hybrid rocket design. In this study, 95 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, which is the highest concentration for commercial market, was used to measure fuel regression rate of polyethylene (PE). For this, durable catalyst, which can endure the decomposition reaction of 95 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, is needed because conventional catalysts are not durable. Therefore, La/Al2O3 catalyst support was developed and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Bruauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and bulk crushing strength (BCS) test. Porosity of La/Al2O3 catalyst support was decreased referring to BET analysis result, and BCS was improved 57.75% than conventional gamma alumina support. Finally MnOx/La/Al2O3 catalyst validated by endurance firing test using 50 N monopropellant thruster. Conventional MnOx/γ-Al2O3 catalyst suffered 6.52% loss, but loss of MnOx/La/Al2O3 catalyst was only 1.09% in the endurance test with 95 wt.% H2O?2. MnOx/La/Al2O3 catalyst showed stable performance during entire test. 250 N PE/H2O2 hybrid rocket was designed for measuring internal ballistics. Combustion tests varying oxidizer mass flux to measure regression rate were performed using 95 wt.% H2O2. The test results showed that averaged 28.1% increase in fuel regression rate due to higher combustion gas temperature, radiation dependency, faster diffusion due to higher oxidizer mole fraction, and accelerated combustion phenomena. The regression rate was conformed with verification test and data reconstruction. Higher characteristic velocity up to 99% was observed for 95 wt.% H2O2 test. More Stable O/F ratio and shorter ignition delay were observed in 95 wt.% H2O2 test. Therefore in system design, employing 95 wt.% H2O2 in hybrid rocket system can overcome the weakness of hybrid rocket and gain higher performance.

우주 발사체 개발 경향은 최근 Space X사의 팔콘 발사체처럼 성능에서 가격 효율성에 무게를 두고 있다. 액체 및 고체 로켓의 장점을 합친 하이브리드 로켓은 저렴한 가격, 높은 안전성, 고체 로켓에 비해 높은 성능을 제공할 수 있다. 산화제로 과산화수소를 사용할 경우 높은 밀도로 인해 추진제 탱크가 소형화되고 취급하기 쉬우며 독성이 낮고 상온에서 액체로 존재하기 때문에 여러장점이 있다. 게다가 고농도 과산화수소 (90 wt.% 이상)인 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 사용할 경우 N2O보다 비추력이 높고 LOX와 밀도 비추력이 비등하다. 그러므로 고농도 과산화수소를 소형 위성 발사체나 과학 로켓, 준궤도 비행체 등등에 응용하려는 시도가 이어지고 있다. 그러나 이러한 시도는 고농도 과산화수소를 사용하여 실험으로 검증하지 않은 고체연료 후퇴율을 사용하여 설계에 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 상용 과산화수소 중 가장 농도가 높은 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 사용하여 폴리에틸렌의 고체연료 후퇴율을 측정하였다. 이를 위해 95 wt.% 과산화수소의 분해반응을 견딜 수 있는 고내구성 촉매를 개발하였다. 이를 위해 La/Al2O3 촉매 지지체를 개발하였고, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Bruauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and bulk crushing strength (BCS)를 진행하였다. La/Al2O3 촉매 지지체의 다공성이 BET 비표면적 결과와 동일한 경향을 보이며 감소하였다. BCS는 기존 감마 알루미나에 비해 57.75% 증가하였다. 고내구성 촉매인 MnOx/La/Al2O3 촉매를 50 N 과산화수소 단일추진제 추력기에 적용하여 내구성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 사용하였을 때 기존 MnOx/γ-Al2O3 촉매는 6.52% 손실을 입은 반면 고내구성 촉매인 MnOx/La/Al2O3는 1.09%만 손실되었다. 또한 고내구성 촉매는 시험 동안 안정적인 성능을 보였다. 내탄도 특성 측정을 위해 250 N 폴리에틸렌/과산화수소 하이브리드 로켓을 설계하였다. 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 사용해 산화제 질량속을 변경하며 연소 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 사용하였을 경우 평균 28.1%의 고체 연료 후퇴율을 보였다. 이는 더 높은 연소온도, 복사, 더 높은 산소 함량에 의한 확산 속도 증가와 연소 촉진 때문으로 보인다. 고체연료 후퇴율은 검증 시험과 데이터 재구축을 통해 확인하였다. 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 사용할 경우 최대 99%에 이르는 특성속도 효율을 관측하였으며, 안정적인 O/F비, 더 빠른 연소 지연을 보였다. 따라서 시스템을 디자인할 때 95 wt.% 과산화수소를 적용한다면 성능을 향상시키며 하이브리드 로켓의 약점을 보완할 수 있어 더 고성능 시스템을 설계할 수 있을 것이다.

서지기타정보

서지기타정보
청구기호 {DAE 16010
형태사항 vii, 95 p. : 삽화 ; 30 cm
언어 한국어
일반주기 저자명의 영문표기 : Shinjae Kang
지도교수의 한글표기 : 권세진
지도교수의 영문표기 : Sejin Kwon
수록잡지명 : "Aerospace Science and Technology". Lanthanum Doping for Longevity of Alumina Catalyst Bed in Hydrogen Peroxide Thruster, Vol. 46, 197-203(2015)
학위논문 학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 항공우주공학과,
서지주기 참고문헌 : p. 90-95
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이 주제의 인기대출도서

Typical hybrid rocket system

Comparison of Chemical Rockets

Hybrid rocket system sizing with various oxidizer [9]

Specific impulse change in various 0/F ratio (Fuel : PE, Sea level Pc/Pe=20)

American dolphin sounding rocket

French LEX sounding rocket

AMROC hybrid rocket motor

Stanford, NASA Ames Peregrine hybrid rocket

Stanford, NASA Ames hybrid rocket

Purdue hybrid rocket combustion experiment

Hybrid small satellite launch vehicle

Purdue 4000 N hybrid rocket ground test

DLR hybrid rocket combustion experiment

Japan Tokai university hybrid rocket

Proposed upper stage for VLM-1 launcher: AHREUS engine

Colorado university sounding rocket

Taiwan sounding rocket

Hybrid rocket for launching Nanosats

Spaceship one

Spaceship two

Nammo Raufoss hybrid rocket development

ESA hybrid rocket for A5-ME upper stage reaction control system

KAIST hybrid rocket auto ignition test

KAIST 250 N hybrid rocket

Korea aerospace university 490 N hybrid rocket

.25 Korea aerospace university 1,000 kgf hybrid sounding rocket

Work flow of the research

La/Al203 catalyst support preparation condition

Prepared La/AI2O3 catalyst support

RIGAKU D/MAX-2500

XRD analysis results: left (La:AI2O):1: right (La:Al20s=1:5.5) : LaAlO3, : Al2O3)

Model of La/AI2O3 structure [44]

BET analysis results, in mole ratio of La:Aloos=1.2.4

BET analysis results, in mole ratio ofLa:Alog-1.5.5

BET analysis results, y-Al2O3

Micrometrics Tristar II 3020

BCS test cell

INSTRON 5583

Effect of compressive loading on lanthanum doped alumina and experimenta result of the BCS: La:Al20s=1:2.4 (R220.93)

Effect of compressive loading on lanthanum doped alumina and experimenta result of the BCS: La:Al20i-1:5.5 (R2>0.98)

BCS test results: La:Al20a=1:2.4

BCS test results: La:Al20s=1:5.5

Adiabatic decomposition temperature of hydrogen peroxide

Analysis of purchased hydrogen peroxide from Peroxide Propulsion

Analysis of purchased hydrogen peroxide from HABO Chemical

MnOe/La/AlzOs catalyst

MnOwly-AlzOs catalyst

The design parameter of the 50 N EM thruster

Cross-section of 50 N hydrogen peroxide thruster, and pressure and temperature measurement points

Test apparatus of 50 N hydrogen peroxide thruster

Water flow test results of 50 N hydrogen peroxide thruster; left : Injector, right : MFM (R2>0.99)

Endurancefiring test sequence: 90 wt.% H202

Endurance firing test sequence: 95 wt.% H202

Chamber pressure measurementin the endurancefiringtest: 90wt.% H2O2

MnOw/y-AlzOs catalyst after the endurance test

Catalyst volume loss, catalyst weight loss rate, and fine mass generation of the endurance test: 90wt.% H202

Catalyst bed pressuredrop, and pressureinstability: 90 wt.% H202

Pressure time history of MnO,/La/AlzO

Pressure time history of MnOw/y-Al20:

Pressure time history of MnOe/La/Al203

Pressure time history of MnOwly-AlzOs at set 6

Temperature time history of MnOy/La/Al203 at set 6

Temperature time history of MnOwly-AlzOs at set 6

Pressure measurement in the endurancefiringtest: 95 wt.% H202

Catalyst volume loss, catalyst weight loss rate, and fine mass generation of the endurance test: 95wt.% H202

Catalyst bed pressure drop, and pressure instability: 95 wt.% H2O2

Temperature measurementin the endurancefiringtest: 95 wt.% H202

Schematics of hydrogen peroxide hybrid rocket

Hybrid rocket combustion phenomena

Paraffin after firing test of 80 N hybrid rocket [31] (left: combustion chamber, right: catalyst bed)

80 N hybrid rocket firing test with paraffin [31]

Outline of the 250 Nhybrid rocket

Schematics of the designed 250 N hybrid rocket

Injector plate; left: high mass flow, right: low mass flow

Injector water flow test results; left: high mass flow, right: low mass flow (R2>0.99)

Orifice mass flow meter water flow test results; left: high mass flow, right: low mass flow (R20.99)

Nozzle throat contour; parabolic approximated bell shaped nozzle [68]

Nozzle temperature contour

Solid fuel geometry

Polyethylene solid fuel

Schematics of hydrogen peroxide hybrid rocket test facility

Test apparatus of hydrogen peroxide hybrid rocket

Regimes of regression rate dependency [75]

Ultra sonic thickness measurement device; DAKOTA MX-5

Location of pressure and temperature measurement

250 N hybrid rocket and flame image

250 N hybrid rocket combustion test results

Regression rate of polyethylene

Chamber pressure time history; 95 wt.% H2O2

Chamber pressure time history; 90 wt.% H202

Regression rate validation test result

Chamber pressure time history of regression rate validation test

Reconstructed chamber pressure

Reconstructed fuel port diameter

Regression rate of polyethylene

Characteristic velocity efficiency respect to oxidizer mass flux

Characteristic velocity efficiency respect to equivalence ratio

Ignition delay respect to oxidizer mass flux

FFT plot of pressure time history

250 N hybrid rocket combustion instability