Access-oriented programming is based on annotated values that associate annotations with data. In access-oriented programming, fetching or storing data can cause procedures to be invoked. Active values as basic computational mechanisms of access-oriented programming convert a variable reference to a method invocation. Access-oriented programming have been integrated into object-oriented programming environments like Loops and KEE.
In this thesis, access-oriented programming environments are integrated into Smalltalk via active values. Annotations and accesses to active values are performed through message sending. Multiple variable active values and shared active values as extended active values provide richer access-oriented programming environments.