The study of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in public sector has a long history and significantly contributed to the modernization of innovation in public administration. As a result of the booming in the IT sector studies in electronic government (e-government) has also significantly increased in the last decade and researchers have been developing various theoretical and conceptual models to better understand different aspects of e-government. E-government needs to be successfully implemented and assimilated into organizations to take advantages of its potential values and benefits for organizations. This study examines factors for e-government assimilation in Indonesia. It employs the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) frameworks to develop a theoretical model to explain e-government assimilation in both single-stage and multi-stage processes and to investigate how organizational types (central vs. local government) play a role in the assimilation of e-government.
This dissertation consists of two empirical investigations, which explore the determinants of e-government assimilation and the effect in single-stage and multi-stage assimilation processes. In the first investigation, a comprehensive literature review on e-government assimilation was conducted to examine factors that influence e-government assimilation. Further analysis was carried out by using TOE framework to develop a theoretical model for explaining e-government assimilation and investigates how organizational types (central vs. local) play a role in the assimilation of e-government. One hundred eighteen respondents from the central and local governments in Indonesia participated in the survey and an in-depth analysis based on partial least squares (PLS) was carried out. The results show that ICT infrastructure gives a major contribution and appears to be the most significant factor for e-government assimilation. Top management support, regulatory environment, ICT expertise, and competitive environment are also significant factors to explain e-government assimilation in Indonesia. In addition, the central and local governments are significantly different in term of e-government assimilation, so organizational type can act as a moderator in the process of e-government assimilation.
The second investigation is a research model to examine the e-government assimilation as a multi-stages assimilation process which includes: (1) initiation, (2) adoption and (3) routinization processes. The model was developed based on Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and TOE framework as the guiding theoretical lens. In this model, TOE framework examines how e-Government assimilation processes are influenced by technological contexts (ICT expertise and ICT infrastructure), organizational contexts (TOP management support, organizational compatibility and extend coordination), and environmental contexts (regulatory environment and competition). This research also investigates how organizational type in both central and local governments plays a role in the assimilation process. A survey questionnaire was administered to collect data from 187 institutions in Indonesia and an in-depth analysis based on partial least square (PLS) was carried out.
The result shows that top management support is the strongest significant factor at all stages. Organizational type does not play a vital role as moderating effect as shown by the result from twenty-one relationships only five paths that gave significant difference results. ICT expertise is the strongest factor in facilitating adoption and routinization in local government, while organization compatibility turns out to be the strongest factor in central government, implying that local governments shift their priority to focus on developing skilled and highly trained technical staff. This dissertation contributes to academia by providing an integrated model using TOE framework and assimilation stage from IDT to examine e-government assimilation in different type of organization. Our findings offer insights into how e-government assimilation is influenced by contextual factors, and how the effects may vary across different stages and organizational type.
공공부문에서 전자정부 동화에 관한 이해는 신뢰 기반의 효과적 전자정부 혁신을 위해 중요한 전략적 과정이다. 본 연구는 공공부문의 연구자, 정책 담당자, ICT 전문가들에게 전자정부 구축 과정에서 검토, 분석, 전략 수립, 의사 결정 개선, 경쟁력 확보 등을 위한 TOE 프레임워크의 이점과 가치 있는 연구 시사점을 제공한다.
전자정부의 통합적 동화 프로세스 연구결과에서는 ICT 기반 시설이 최고 의사 결정권자의 지원에 앞서 가장 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다. 또한 조직 유형(중앙 정부, 지방정부)이 TOE 프레임워크 내의 선행요인과 함께 전자정부 동화에 조절효과를 가지며, 유형에 따라 다양한 차이를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 전자정부 구현에 있어 정책을 분석하고 수립할 때 중앙 정부와 지역 정부간의 차이를 반영해야 한다는 것을 보여준다. 이는 최고 의사결정권자들이 조직의 유형을 고려한 성공적 전자정부를 구현할 수 있도록 동기부여 가능한 적절할 전략이 정책 담당자들에 의해 준비되어야 함을 시사한다.
전자정부의 단계적 동화 프로세스에 관한 연구에서는 최고 의사결정권자의 지원이 전자정부 동화에 가장 강력하고 중요한 요인으로 분석되었고, 모든 동화 과정 단계에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 조직의 유형은 TOE 요인들과 단계적 동화 프로세스 간에 유의미한 조절효과를 보여주지 않았다.
본 연구는 정보시스템 연구 분야에 다양한 기여를 하고 있다. 이론적 측면에서 체계적 방법론에 입각한 전자정부 동화와 단계별 효과에 대해 분석함으로써 TOE 프레임워크와 동화 단계의 견고성을 입증하였다. 실무적으로는 최고 의사결정권자가 전자정부의 성공적인 구현을 위해 중요시 해야 할 전략과 정책에 대한 통찰력을 제공한다. 향후 중앙과 지방정부에서 유사한 사례를 가진 국가들을 비교 분석하고, 이들 국가에서 존재하는 다양한 이슈를 확인하기 위한 연구가 이어져야 할 것이다.
