Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology is perceived as one of the key technologies in the near future and there is growing research interest on various applications. However, currently few conceptual frameworks have been developed to understand its adoption and diffusion from the literature. This study proposes a comprehensive framework to identify dynamic RFID adoption and diffusion from three different perspectives: stages of adoption,level of analysis, and domain of issues.The stage of adoption are identified into three phases: preliminary, intermediary, and mature, in respect of the maturity of the RFID project and the sophistication of business applications.To allow a broader analysis for policy and decision makers, this study involves different levels of analysis beyond the organization level, including the industry- and country-level, which is lacking in the current literature. A strategy, technology, organization, people and environment (STOPE)-based approach were applied to understand dimensions of RFID issues. With respect to these three perspectives, the framework is called as Cubicle model.
Intensive literature study was conducted to find various sucess factors of RFID adoption and diffusion. The factors collected from literature were then distributed in 3x3 clusters by using the Delphi method in order to justify the places of factors under the proposed framework. From the Delphi method this study observed that some factors belong to early stage of adoption, and some other factors persist in the later stages of adoption. For example, at the country level, factors such as RFID national policy, R&D policy and income per capita are mostly accepted at the preliminary and intermediate stage but others such as mobile diffusion and frequency allocation are accepted at the intermediate and mature stage. The finding also implies that at the country level, strategy and environment are important domain of issues at the early stage. Some other findings are several factors, which are frequently cited by literature, are perceived to be critical issues in the early stage of adoption, but in this study they are accepted as important issue in the later stages such as for the case of frequency spectrum. In addition, from the Delphi method, this study observed that the experts tend to have the similar opinions at the country level and the lower the level of analysis the less homogeneous the opinions.
To find real implications of the framework, a case study of Indonesia was conductedat each level of analysis: country, industry and organization. An Indonesian automotive company was selected as the case at the organization level together with Indonesia’s general manufacturing sector at the industry level. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied to identify most important factors and domains of adoption issues at each case with respect to the factors obtained from the Delphi method. From the case study, for example, strategy and environment are the dominant dimensions at the country level, and RFID policy, vision of leadershi,p and RFID potential market are the most important factors. Furthermore, from all levels of analysis, it can be summarized that strategy-related factors such as national policy, R&D policy, technology certainty, business performance and committment received top rankings. This implies that policy and decision makers in Indonesia need to focus on these issues for successful adoption. Further comparative study with other countries with the similar cases at the industry and organization level is required to identify the common and specific issues. Finally, this study experienced limitations in the forms of literatures, which may not fully cover the whole RFID issues, number of the Delphi experts, and the AHP experts with sufficient backgrounds.
주파수인식기술(RFID)은현재뿐만아니라가까운미래에가장중요한기술중의하나로여겨질것으로보이고현재에도다양한분야의적용에대한연구가진행되고있다. 이번연구는세가지측면으로부터이끌어낸 RFID적용과확산요인에관한포괄적인프레임워크제안을목적으로한다.
그세가지측면은분석의수준,적용의단계와적용하려는분야를말한다.프레임워크를만들기위해우리는적용과확산에관한새로운시각을제안하려하는데그것은개념적으로초기(Preliminary)중기(Intermediate) 성숙기(Mature)이렇게세단계로분리를하는것이다.이런분류는 RFID 적용성숙도와비즈니스에서의적용정도에대한지표를기반을두고분류를한다.또한이번연구는분석의수준에따라분류를산업수준과국가수준,그리고기업수준으로분류한다.
문헌연구를통해알아본결과기존의많은연구들은오직기업수준의적용에만치우쳐있었지만이번연구에서는산업수준과국가수준까지도그논의의대상을확장해서적용해프레임워크를구성하려한다. RFID 적용및확산관련주요이슈들을명확히하기위해우리는 STOPE 분류를기반으로하는하나의축을설정하고 Scope라는용어를통해이축을명명하고자한다.
문헌연구를통해정리한 RFID 적용및확산요인에대해 Delphi 방법을적용해 3x3 매트릭스에펼쳐보려한다. 이번결과를통해통합적인 RFID확산요인에대해좀더다차원으로이해할수있었다. Delphi 결과를토대로우리는어느요인들이어느적용단계에속할수있는지를알수있었다. 기존의문헌연구를통해기존연구에서는초기단계에중요하다고생각했던요인들이이번연구에서는중기단계에서더중요한요인으로나타났다.
이렇게형성된프레임워크를적용하고자인도네시아케이스를적용해봤다. 인도네시아는이번연구에서나눈기준에따르면국가와산업부분에서는초기단계에속해있고기업부분에서는초기와중기단계에속해있다고할수있다. 최종적으로 AHP 방법을사용해인도네시아에서국가산업기업에서 RFID를적용하고확산하게할수있는요인들의우선순위에대해연구해봤다. 이번연구의결과는 Developing country에서 RFID를적용하고확산하는데있어어떤요인들이중요한지에대해알아볼수있는기회를제공해 RFID 연구자와산업계, 국가정책결정자들에게많은기여를할수있으리라본다.
