This study investigates the types of organizational citizenship behaviors promoting the effectiveness of venture organization, the antecedents affecting organizational citizenship behavior, and its relation with the organization consequence. organizational citizenship behavior was examined in three dimensions, that is, individual initiative behavior, altruistic behavior, and generalized compliance behavior. The independent variables included individualism/collectivism, trust, organization support, and strategic posture, while the development steps of a corporation was investigated as the moderation variable concerning the relation between organizational citizenship behavior and the achievement. Lastly, the relation formed between the achievement of an organization and the independent variables through organizational citizenship behavior, the relation formed between organization support/trust and the achievement of an organization through organizational citizenship behavior, and the relation formed between individualism/collectivism, trust, strategic posture and the achievement of an organization through organizational citizenship behavior were clarified by means of the structural equation analysis.
According to the analysis results of a survey on domestic venture businesses, organizational citizenship behavior of venture businesses consists of three dimensions, that is, individual initiative behavior, altruistic behavior, and generalized compliance behavior. It turned out that the value of collectivism in terms of individualism/collectivism affected individual initiative behavior and altruistic behavior, while the rules of collectivism affected all the three types of organizational citizenship behavior. Trust affected all the three types of organizational citizenship behavior, while the effects of organization support on organizational citizenship behavior is mediated by trust. Innovation in terms of composition of strategic posture affected all the types of organizational citizenship behavior. Besides, the extent of organizational citizenship behavior affected the achievement of an organization.
Individual initiative behavior and generalized compliance behavior in organizational citizenship behavior turned out to have more influence on the achievement of an organization in business start-up stages than on that of the business development stages. Organization support, on the other hand, turned out to affect individual initiative behavior and generalized compliance behavior through trust, and ultimately, the achievement of an organization. Lastly, trust and the rule of collectivism turned out to affect the achievement of an organization through individual initiative behavior and altruistic behavior, while innovation affects the achievement of an organization through individual initiative behavior.
Regarding the studies on organizational citizenship behavior in the future, this study has significance in following respects.
First, this is an empirical study on organizational citizenship behavior, which has been rarely studied, and organizational citizenship behavior was investigated among venture businesses on an organization basis.
Second, this study showed that individualism/collectivism, trust, and organization support, which have been studied in existing organization theories, are related to organizational citizenship behavior as the influential factors. Further, this clarified that the fact that the development stage and strategic posture, which have been examined in the venture management theory, are also related to organizational citizenship behavior.
Third, the relation between organizational citizenship behavior and the nature of an organization, which was sought in the organization theory, was clarified on an organization basis, and in addition to that, the fact that the relation between them is adjusted in the process of the development stage is significant. Especially, clarification of the fact that the relation between them could be moderated depending on the condition is of great importance.
Fourth, the effect of independent variables on the achievement of an organization through organizational citizenship behavior was clarified in diversified aspects by means of the structural equation analysis.
본 연구는 벤처기업을 대상으로 하여 벤처조직의 효과성을 증진시켜 주는 조직시민행동의 유형 및 조직시민행동에 영향을 끼치는 요인, 조직시민행동과 조직성과와의 관계에 관하여 고찰하였다. 조직시민행동은 혁신행동, 이타행동, 순응행동의 세 가지 차원을 고려하였으며, 독립변수와 조직시민행동 간의 관계로 개인주의/집단주의, 신뢰, 조직지원, 전략적자세와 조직시민행동과의 관계를 고찰하였고 성장단계의 조직시민행동과 성과와의 관계에 대한 조정여부를 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 독립변수가 조직시민행동을 통해 조직성과와 갖는 관계로 조직지원과 신뢰가 조직시민행동을 통해 조직성과와 갖는 관계, 개인주의/집단주의와 신뢰, 전략적자세가 조직시민행동을 통해 조직성과와 갖는 관계를 공변량구조분석을 통해 검증하였다.
분석결과에 의하면 벤처기업의 조직시민행동은 혁신행동, 이타행동, 순응행동의 세 가지 차원으로 구성됨을 알 수 있었다. 개인주의/집단주의의 구성차원인 집단주의가치는 혁신행동과 이타행동에 영향을 미치며 집단주의규범은 세가지 유형의 조직시민행동 모두에 영향을 미침을 보였다. 신뢰는 세 가지 유형의 조직시민행동에 모두 영향을 미침을 보였으며 조직지원 또한 조직시민행동에 영향을 미치나 이 관계는 신뢰에 의해 매개됨을 보였다. 전략적자세의 구성차원인 혁신성은 세 가지 유형의 조직시민행동 모두에 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 이러한 조직시민행동 정도는 조직성과에 영향을 미침을 보였다.
조직시민행동 중 혁신행동과 순응행동은 기업성장단계 중 창업기에 성장기보다 성과에 더 많은 영향을 미침을 보였으며 공변량구조분석을 통해 조직지원은 신뢰를 통해 혁신행동과 순응행동에 영향을 미치고 궁극적으로는 조직성과에 영향을 미침을 보였다. 마지막으로 신뢰, 집단주의규범 혁신행동과 이타행동을 통해 조직성과에 영향을 미치며 혁신성은 혁신행동을 통해 조직성과에 영향을 미침을 보였다.
