Supply chain management (SCM) is an integration of business process from end users through original suppliers that provides products, service and information that add value for customers. This thesis deals with a channel coordination problem in SCM. Coordination among manufacturers (suppliers), distributors and retailers is a very important strategic issue in modern manufacturing and distribution systems. Recently, in Korea, a new marketing practice is drawing attentions from some suppliers (manufacturers) and large-scale retailers in dealing with perishable consumer goods. It has been customary for the retailers to return the goods unsold until their expire date. Thus the retailers have not given much attention to their ordering policy since the items outdated could be simply returned to the supplier at almost no cost, which made the supplier quite perplexed. In the new practice, in return for the suppliers to offer a lower unit price to the retailers, they are not permitted returning the goods unsold to the suppliers. As a result, the suppliers become able to maintain better accounting and inventory systems while the retailers can lower the unit retail price, which, in turn, increases the product demand from consumers. Consequently, both parties are enjoying higher financial gains in addition to the satisfied customers. In other words, the benefits coming from the decreased quantity of outdated goods and increased sales are being shared among the suppliers, retailers and customers. This thesis is motivated by the new market practice and attempts to gain an insight into the question of ‘how costs/benefits will be distributed over the related parties under the new practice’. The new practice will be analyzed from the retailer’s point of view. For the analysis, the demand rate is assumed to be a function of price and inventory level. Since the stock-dependent demand rate implicitly implies that all items in inventory are displayed for sale, the customers enforce the issuing policy and last-in-first-out (LIFO) issuing is a natural choice with prudent customers. On the other hand, many retailers arrange their goods from the oldest up or front to the new items down or back so that the customers may pick the oldest goods, which results in first-in-first-out (FIFO) issuing. Consequently, it can be assumed that the items are sold following mixed issuing policy, a combination of LIFO and FIFO. We develop mathematical formulations based on a periodic-review inventory model under mixed issuing policy with the objective of maximizing the retailer’s profit. Decision variables are the amount of supplier’s price discount that the retailer can accept in return for adopting the no-returns condition, the retail price and order size. Also, two cases are studied. In the first case the supplier and the retailer are vertically integrated and independent in the second case. In the independent case, two types of market practices are considered. Numerical examples are solved with grid search algorithm
1980년대 후반 이후에 system을 이해하고 이익을 증대시키기 위한 새로운 방법으로써 SCM ( Supply Chain Management ) 이 널리 알려지고 중요하게 대두되어 왔다. SCM중에서도 요즘 들어 유통 부분에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있으나 이에 대한 체계적인 연구는 미흡한 실정이며 이중에서도 특히 유효기간이 있는 제품을 대상으로 한 유통 시스템 관점에서의 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있지 않다.
이에 본 논문에서는 유효기간이 있는 제품이 생산자에서 소비자까지 움직이는 유통구조의 한가지 trend에 대해 연구, 분석하였다.
기존의 연구에서는 소비자가 선입선출( FIFO ) 혹은 후입선출( LIFO ) 혹은 임의( Random ) 방식들 중 하나만을 따라 물건을 구매한다고 가정하고 연구를 하였지만, 실제 소비자들 중 일부는 신선한 제품을 찾아 구매하고 일부는 소매상의 의도에 따라 오래된 물품을 구매하므로 선입선출과 후입선출이 적절히 섞여있는 경우( Mixed issuing policy) 가 현실적이라 판단하여 이에 대해 연구를 진행하였다
Distribution Channel의 구성원들 중 공급자와 소매상이 서로 독립적인 경우와 두 구성원이 하나의 그룹에 속해있는 경우를 나누어 생각하였으며, 두 멤버가 독립적인 경우에 대해 한규헌(2000) 이 제시한 새로운 공급 정책 (no-returns policy) 을 사용하여 유통구조를 개선하였다.
개발된 모델의 유효성 검증을 위해, 우리가 개발한 모델의 결과와 이전 연구에서의 결과를 비교해 보았다. 또한 수리적 예제를 통해서 여러 조건에 따라 생산자와 소매상이 어떤식으로 거동하는지를 살펴 보았다.
