서지주요정보
Burning characteristics of Dihydroxyglyoxime based composite propellant = Dihydroxyglyoxime 기반 복합추진제의 연소특성 연구
서명 / 저자 Burning characteristics of Dihydroxyglyoxime based composite propellant = Dihydroxyglyoxime 기반 복합추진제의 연소특성 연구 / Je-Sun Jang.
발행사항 [대전 : 한국과학기술원, 2023].
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8041590

소장위치/청구기호

학술문화관(문화관)B1층 보존서고

DAE 23014

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An optimized engine start procedure is critical to the successful operation of a liquid rocket engine in launch vehicles. A solid propellant gas generator (SPGG) is widely adopted for the turbine starter during engine startup, and ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based propellants are conventionally used for this purpose. However, these propellants have shortcomings such as high flame temperature, corrosive combustion residues, and low ignitability. In this study, a dihydroxyglyoxime (DHG)-based composite propellant was applied to overcome these limitations of conventional SPGG propellants. In particular, DHG, known as a coolant, was used in significant quantities as the main oxidizer for turbine starter. The burning rate, characteristic velocity, and combustion temperature of the DHG propellant were evaluated using motor tests. DHG-based propellant burns 3 – 11% slower in motor firing test than that in the strand burner due to endothermic decomposition reaction. Increasing the finer particles in the DHG propellant lead to an increased the burning rate and burning rate factor (ratio between the measured burn rate in the motor and the predicted rate by strand burner) was decreased. The temperature sensitivity of the burning rate factor was in the range of 0.23 – 0.24 % per °C. The pressure sensitivity of characteristic velocity was in the range of 0.48 – 0.50 % per MPa, and the value was approximately 4 times larger than that obtained by the CEA analysis. The performance of the actual turbine starter was accurately determined using the strand burner test results by exploiting the actual evaluation curves and correction factors. The results related to the combustion characteristics of the DHG-based propellant enabled the accurate prediction of the motor using internal ballistic analysis.

발사체 액체로켓엔진 시동 과정에서 터보펌프의 터빈 구동을 위한 고체추진제 가스발생기 타입의 터빈스타터가 사용된다. 질산암모늄과 과염소산암모늄 기반 복합추진제를 적용하는 사례가 많지만 높은 연소온도, 부식성 연소 생성물, 높은 흡습성, 낮은 점화성 등의 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 냉각제로 알려진 디하이드록시글리옥심(DHG)을 주산화제로 다량 사용하여 터빈구동용 고체모터에 DHG-기반 복합추진제를 적용하였다. 모터의 지상연소시험을 통해 연소압력, 연소시간, 점화성을 평가하였고, DHG 복합추진제의 연소속도, 특성속도, 화염온도 등의 연소특성을 정리하였다. DHG의 흡열성 분해특성으로 모터 그레인의 연소속도는 스트랜드 시편 보다 3 – 11% 느리게 연소하였다. DHG 입도가 작아질수록 연소속도는 증가하였고, 연소속도상수 (스트랜드버너의 연소속도 예측값 대비 모터의 연소속도 비율)는 감소하였다. 연소속도상수의 온도민감도는 1°C 당 0.23 – 0.24% 증가하였고, 연소특성속도의 연소압력 감도는 1 MPa 증가할 때 0.48-0.50% 증가하여, CEA 해석 결과 대비 약 4배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 모터시험 결과를 통한 실제 평가 곡선과 보정계수를 활용한 내탄도 예측 알고리즘 제시하였다. 이러한 해석 방법을 제공함으로써 스트랜드 버너법 만으로 실제 모터의 정확한 성능을 예측 가능하게 하는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

서지기타정보

서지기타정보
청구기호 {DAE 23014
형태사항 v, 104 p. : 삽도 ; 30 cm
언어 영어
일반주기 저자명의 한글표기 : 장제선
지도교수의 영문표기 : Sejin Kwon
지도교수의 한글표기 : 권세진
수록잡지명 : "Prediction of Burning Characteristics of Dihydroxyglyoxime Composite Propellant". Journal of Propulsion and Power, (2023)
Including appendix
학위논문 학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 항공우주공학과,
서지주기 References : p. 95-99
주제 Dihydroxyglyoxime
Solid propellant gas generator
Turbine starter
Burning rate
Internal ballistic analysis
디하이드록시글리옥심
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연소속도
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Schematic of 75ton liquid rocket open-cycle engine of KSLV-II

Turbine starter at the 75ton liquid rocket engine of KSLV-II

Turbine starter motor for 75ton liquid rocket engine

Classification of propellant composition in aerospace application gas generators into four oxidizer types [1, 9, 14, 15]

Igniter material properties of MTV and B/KNO3 [17-19]

Disassembled Igniter holder configuration after ignition test of MTV (10 g) and B/KNO3 (8g)

Grain configuration change (left: AN-based propellant, right: DHG- based propellant)

Composition of the turbine starter propellants

Characteristics of major coolants and oxidizers [1, 12]

Characteristics of major plasticizer [12, 23-24]

Characteristics of non-energetic/energetic prepolymer [22-23]

Thermochemical performance of typical solid rocket propellant combinations [1] and CEA analysis results of DHG-

Strand burner test measurement equipment [12]

Measured strand burning rate behaviors ofa DHG-based propellant for 5 batches and fits i= apn (B-1: [stref)= 6.17 mm/s, B-2: 6.25 mm/s, B-3: 6.40 mm/s, B-4: 6.52 mm/s, B-5: 6.76 mm/s at 13.79 MPa and 20 iC)

A section of solid propellant showing flame structure, adapted from BDP (Beckstead, Derr, and Price) model [33]. At low pressure, finer oxidizers are affected by the primary diffusion flame, which is dominated bymixing between the decomposing oxidizer and binder.

Influence of the percentage of DHG-30 and DHG-100 on burning rates

Burning time definitions at motorfiring tests (thickness/time method and common mass balance method)

Data analysis of the firing test based on the measurements of chamber pressure-time curve

Grain configuration before (left) and after (right) motor firing tests (propellant filler)

(a) Predicted burning area versus web burned

(b) Grain configuration

Cross-section of the turbine starter motor

Measuring equipment of pressure, thrust, and temperature of the turbine starter

Schematic of motor firing test stand. The turbine starter is installed on the test stand and connected to temperature/pressure/thrust sensors.

Sensors for the static firing test measurement (a) Pressure transducer (b) loadcell (c) thermocouple

Turbine starter firing test

(a) CBT test preparation, (b) Igniter assembly configuration

Pressure-time profiles of igniters under different environmental conditions (igniter temperatures of -40/0/+20/+40'C and initiator specifications of PC-800/PC-1400)

Igniter performance according to environmental conditions of ignition

Shape of the dismantled device after igniter closed bomb test

Composition of the AN-based turbine starter propellants

Pressure-time curve of AN-based turbine starter in a static fire test. Burning time and chamber pressure in the motor can be determined using burning rate analysis methods.

Comparison of burning rates obtained from the strand burner and the motorfiring test. AN-based propellant burns faster in the motor firing test than in the strand burner.

Comparison between the burning rate data obtained from strand burner and motor firing test. DHG-based propellant burns slower in motor firing test than that in the strand burner.

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) results of AP, Oxamide, and Melamine

Strand burn rate test results. Strand burning rates were tested at th reference temperature of 20'C

Comparison between the burning rates for effective combustion pressure bythe strand burner prediction and from the measurement of motorfiring test. The motor's burning rates increases linearly with effective combustion pressures.

Relationship between the burning time for effective combustion pressure from the measurement of motor firing test. The motor's effective burning times decrease linearly with effective combustion pressures.

Burning rate characteristics of DHG-based propellant motors at reference temperature (20'C). As the strand burning rates are increased at reference pressure, a decrease in the burning rate factor is observed.

Static fires of solid rocket motors using the DHG propellant for varying temperatures

Effect of propellant temperature on chamber pressure and burning time measurement curves for each motor: (a) batch 5 (b) batch 8

Effect of propellant temperature on (a) motor burning rate and strand burner prediction, and (b) burning rate fortou in

Effect of propellant temperature on the burning rate of DHG- propellant strand burner. The temperature sensitivity of the strand burner rate was measured in the range of 0.24 - 0.35% per oC.

Temperature sensitivity of strand burner rates

Chamber pressure versus burning rate measurements for each motor at different propellant temperature during the burning time. Effect of propellant temperature on the burning rate factor during motor burning time

Effect of initial propellant temperature on characteristic velocity for each motor in batch 5-8

Comparison of the characteristic velocity at different effectiv combustion pressures for CEA and the motor firing tests. Empirical fits for th characteristic velocity of the motors (orange line), ideal C* value (black das line) and C* of CEA analysis (blue dot line).

Thermocouple after firing motor test: The thermocouple enters the upper part of the motor chamber and the sheath was installed between propellant webs.

Combustion temperature measurement results from motor firing tests

Flowchart ofturbine starter performance prediction algorithm

(a): Chamber pressure vs. time measurements from firing test and prediction by internal ballistic analysis for each motor (batch 5) having various propellant temperatures. The prediction results for the combustion pressure of the turbine starter agree with measurements from firing motor tests.

(b): Chamber pressure VS. time measurements from firing test and prediction by internal ballistic analysis for each motor (batch 8) having various propellant temperatures

(a): Mass flow rate VS. time measurements from firing test and prediction by internal ballistic analysis for each motor (batch 5) having various propellant temperatures. The prediction results for the combustion mass flow of the turbine starter agree with the nozzle mass flow measurements from firing motor tests.

(b): Mass flow rate VS. time measurements from firing test and prediction by internal ballistic analysis for each motor (batch 8) having various propellant temperatures.

Comparison of combustion pressure with prediction methods (m=22-23). Prediction methods considered as follows: (A) 7r(p0,Tb) and (aInr