In this thesis, a transputer-based parallel computation accelerator (shortly, TPCA) is designed and implemented in hardware, whose purpose is that the heavy computation load should not overburden the host computer so as to enable it to process the other essential tasks in real-time. TPCA is the message-passing, loosely-coupled multiprocessor system having eight transputers. This thesis work consists of two major parts: one is for hardware and the other is for software. The TPCA hardware consists of VME interface part which includes VME bus interface and DMA controller, and transputer p which includes processors, crossbar switches, and the switch controller. The TPCA software work consists of the development of file server, TPCA device driver, and the application programs. The TPCA device driver and file server enable the user's application programs to be loaded and run on TPCA under UNIX OS environment.