Combat simulation has been an essential part in the area of military science to explore the potential impact, effectiveness and efficiency of military actions. Modern computer science and technology has been widely applied to the development of combat simulation systems. Computer assisted combat simulations have evolved from stand-alone system to the state of integrated simulation along with the advances of computer and communication technology. Basically, integrated simulation is a distributed simulation that works as a single system by interconnecting several simulator systems through a computer network. Despite of the fact that integrated simulation is considered as alternative solutions to the problems that military is currently facing, there are some essential modeling and implementation issues to be resolved to develop new combat simulation systems which ultimately aim at supporting especially LVC integrated simulation. As an outcome of research efforts to solve the problem, conceptual modeling methods, such as CMMS and DCMF, have been introduced. In addition, others have developed standard modeling framework, such as OneSAF, BOM, and more. However, the problem still remains in defense M&S industry and many efforts are still needed.
The main objectives of this study are to develop a systematic function-based modeling framework incorporating a common repository of military domain knowledge for the development of a combat simulation system and to propose an integrated scenario model required for the execution of combat simulations. Specifically, the proposed integrated scenario model focuses the scenario reusability and integrated simulation interoperability.
In Chapter 2, a new approach for combat simulation modeling is proposed for the simulation system development. “Common analyst’s guidance” as a repository of military domain knowledge is introduced. Since combat simulation requires a synthetic copy of real world of warfare, conceptual modeling may help software engineers to understand battlefield and provide a tool for them to communicate and cooperate with others. To develop conceptual models, comprehensive understanding about simulation domain is essential. Existing conceptual modeling methods are thus reviewed in this study and one can draw conclusions that they mainly focused on the mission space of military domain (not the simulation space), and introduced conceptual modeling methods and representations techniques (not the content of the simulation). The importance of common understanding about the domain knowledge is highlighted, the basic ingredients for combat simulations are searched, and then the value of various documentations from existing simulation systems is addressed. Based on the aforementioned analysis on the system manuals, combat doctrines, and military handbooks, a systematic structure for standardized domain knowledge, which accommodates storing, browsing, and updating detailed simulation content, is proposed.
In Chapter 3, a “function-based modeling framework”, the new modeling framework for combat simulation, is proposed. It is found that military doctrines and system manuals are written in terms of verb (action) under the category of Six War-fight Functions. Even though weapon system is one of the main combat simulation elements, execution of a simulation is a matter of running a sequence of actions. It can thus be said that combat simulations consist of various military function algorithms executed by military objects and “function model” is the essential element of a combat simulation modeling. Along with the function model, “behavior model” and “resource model” are presented. In addition, “component coupling” is introduced to explain how a resource is transformed into an object having designated functions in a combat simulation.
In Chapter 4, a new scenario model for the combat simulation is proposed. The proposed model includes a military scenario model that provides users with a systematic method to construct military scenarios in less time without a heavy workload. In addition, this system introduces a new approach to construct military scenarios that can be shared by both real-world operational and simulation experiments and reused for other experiments and exercises. Furthermore, for distributed/integrated simulations, this system presents a new idea that differs from previous approaches, such as HLA, FOM, and other mechanisms. This system can support system interoperability of integrated simulations through the development of a large-scale scenario. It is accomplished by constructing the scenario in top-down manner according to the hierarchical structure of the scenario information and running the integrated simulation by distributing the associated element data as well as the sub-scenarios for each distributed simulator.
In Chapter 5, finally, the summary and conclusion of the present works are discussed, and recommendations for future study are given.
국방 분야는 정보과학기술의 발달에 따른 디지털전장 환경으로의 변화, 복잡한 임무공간의 확대 및 작전계획의 복잡도 증가 등으로 인해 다양한 작전 요구가 대두되고 있다. 그러나 국방예산, 훈련을 위한 공간, 전문 인력 등의 한정된 가용자원은 무기체계의 개발 및 군사 훈련에 있어 보다 신중하고 효율적인 검토를 요구한다. 이에 IT기술을 이용한 국방 M&S는 군사 분야에서 당면한 다양한 문제의 해결을 위한 대안으로 대두되어 군사력의 효율적인 구축을 위한 무기체계 획득뿐 만 아니라 전투실험을 비롯한 모의훈련 과학화에 시뮬레이션 기술을 적용하여 미래전장에서 요구되는 다양한 전략 개발을 위한 도구로 활용되고 있다 그러나 최근에는 국방 도메인의 복잡성과 사용자의 다변화되는 요구사항으로 인해 상호연동성 및 재사용성을 고려한 모델 개발의 필요성이 부각되어지고 있다.
본 학위논문은 다음과 같은 세 개의 본문으로 구성되어 있다. 1) 국방모델 개발을 위한 공통 모의논리 제안과 활용방안: 효율적인 국방 모델 개발을 위한 개발 도구 및 형식론에 대한 고찰을 통해 모든 국방 M&S시스템 개발에 적용될 수 있는 모의논리체계에 대한 필요성을 인식하였다. 이에 국방 M&S사용자의 요구사항과 시스템 설계의 중간에 위치한 모의논리지식의 체계적인 관리 및 효과적인 활용을 위한 공통모의논리 시스템을 제안하였다. 2) 교전 모의를 위한 기능기반 모델링 프레임워크: 전장교범 및 모의논리서는 6대 전투수행기능의 대 분류 하에 세부기능(Function)을 의미하는 행동어(동사)로 표현되어 있으므로 기능모델을 교전모의시스템 개발을 위한 기본모델로 제안하였다. 또한 무기체계를 표현하는 자원(Resource)모델, 상황 별 전술을 묘사하는 행동(Behavior)모델을 제안하였으며 모의시스템 상에서 객체를 생성하기 위한 방법으로 자원과 기능의 커플링을 제안하였다. 3) 작전명령서에 기반한 전투모의 시나리오 개발 모델: 군사훈련을 위해 지휘관에 의해 작성되는 작전명령서를 토대로 전투모의를 위한 체계적인 시나리오 개발 모델을 제시하여 실제와 모의환경에서 재사용이 가능한 시나리오 개발을 제안하였다. 또한 계층구조를 가진 시나리오 체계를 설계하여 분산시뮬레이션 또는 연동시뮬레이션 시나리오를 개발을 위한 방법을 제안하였다.
