서지주요정보
(A) study on wave focusing characteristics of elastic wave refraction patch = 탄성파 굴절 패치의 파동 집중 특성에 대한 연구
서명 / 저자 (A) study on wave focusing characteristics of elastic wave refraction patch = 탄성파 굴절 패치의 파동 집중 특성에 대한 연구 / Hyun-Su Park.
발행사항 [대전 : 한국과학기술원, 2024].
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8043058

소장위치/청구기호

학술문화관(도서관)2층 학위논문

DAE 24019

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초록정보

Wave manipulation has been widely employed in various industries and engineering fields. It encompasses techniques such as frequency filtering to conceal energy within specific frequency bands, wave guiding to induce energy along specific paths, and wave focusing for achieving energy harvesting and shock mitigation. Notably, wave focusing has found applications in ultrasound imaging, optical lens systems, acoustic navigation systems, and more, achieving concentration in sound, light, radio, and ultrasonic waves. From a mechanical engineering perspective, the concentration of stress waves has been utilized for energy harvesting and shock mitigation. In the fields of mechanical engineering and aerospace, the primary focus has been on nondestructive evaluation and energy harvesting using elastic waves. Research efforts have explored practical applications through methods such as wave filtering and guiding using metamaterials' Bragg effect, as well as refraction and concentration using phononic crystals. However, these methods often face challenges in terms of difficult fabrication, design complexity, and limited frequency ranges. Efforts have been made to simplify wave manipulation, one of which involves utilizing thickness variations in a flat plate. In thin plates, thickness variations induce variations in the refractive index within the region, enabling wave focusing and guiding. Previous studies have created wave focusing lenses using the global highest refractive index point (thinnest thickness) in the plate. However, this approach weakens the structural integrity of the thin plate and requires precise fabrication due to the extreme thinness. In this study, we aim to overcome these limitations by proposing a patch-form elastic wave focusing lens that can be attached to an extremely thin plate structure. By designing the patch area to have a local highest point, wave focusing is achieved even with a thicker thickness compared to the base plate. This design has been validated through analysis and experimentation. For the analysis, we have employed the numerical simulation methods, such as ray-tracing and finite element methods, and established 2-D auto stage scanning system for experimental analysis. As comparing the results, the wave focusing characteristics of the elastic wave refraction patch was investigated and validated. The proposed approach is advantageous as it can be applied to most plate structures (sandwich structures), offers a wide applicable frequency range, and does not introduce structural flaws.

파동 전파 제어는 다양한 산업 및 공학 분야서 널리 활용되어 왔다. 이는 특정 주파수 대역의 에너지를 차폐하기 위한 주파수 필터링, 특정 경로를 따라 에너지를 유도하기 위한 파동 유도, 에너지 수확 및 충격 완화를 위한 파동 집중과 같은 기술을 포함한다. 특히, 파동 집중은 초음파 영상, 광학 렌즈, 음향 네비게이션 시스템 등에서 소리, 빛, 라디오 및 초음파 형태의 파동의 집중을 유발하기 위해 사용되었다. 기계 공학 분야에서, 탄성파동의 집중은 에너지 수확 및 충격 완화에 활용되어왔다. 또한 기계항공우주 분야에서는 비파괴 검사와 탄성파를 이용한 에너지 수확에 주로 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 기존의 연구들은 메타물질의 브래그 효과를 이용한 파동 필터링 및 유도, 그리고 광학 결정구조를 이용한 굴절 및 집중과 같은 방법을 통해 실용적인 응용을 탐구하였다. 그러나 이러한 방법들은 제조의 어려움, 설계 복잡성 및 주파수 제한성과 같은 문제에 직면하였다. 파동 전파 제어를 단순화하기 위한 노력 중 하나로 매질의 두께 변화를 활용하는 방법이 있다. 얇은 판에서는 두께 변화가 해당 영역 내에서 굴절률 변화를 유도하여 파동 집중과 굴절이 가능하게 한다. 이전 연구에서는 전역에서 가장 굴절률이 높은 지점(가장 얇은 두께)을 활용하여 파동 집중 렌즈를 제작하였다. 그러나 해당 접근법은 얇은 판의 구조적 성능을 약화시키고 극도의 얇은 두께 때문에 정밀한 제조 기술이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위해 극도로 얇은 판 구조에 부착할 수 있는 패치 형태의 탄성파 집중 렌즈를 제안한다. 패치 영역에 굴절률이 국소적으로 가장 높은 지점을 갖도록 설계하여, 기본 판보다 두꺼운 두께에서도 파동 집중이 이루어진다. 이 설계 기법은 수치적 분석과 실험을 통해 검증이 진행되었다. 수치적 해석을 위해 광선 추적 및 유한 요소 방법과 같은 수치적 시뮬레이션 기법을 사용하였고, 실험적 분석 및 검증을 위해 2차원 자동 스테이지 스캐닝 시스템을 구축하였다. 해당 결과들을 비교하여 탄성파 굴절 패치의 파동 집중 특성을 분석하고 검증하였다. 제안된 방식은 대부분의 판 구조(샌드위치 구조)에 적용 가능하며, 넓은 적용 주파수 범위를 제공하고 구조적 결함을 일으키지 않는 이점이 있다.

서지기타정보

서지기타정보
청구기호 {DAE 24019
형태사항 vi, 102 p. : 삽도 ; 30 cm
언어 영어
일반주기 저자명의 한글표기 : 박현수
지도교수의 영문표기 : Jae-Hung Han
지도교수의 한글표기 : 한재흥
수록잡지명 : "Design of patch-shaped lens with thickness variations for elastic wave focusing in thin-plate structures". Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, v.57, 245502(2024)
수록잡지명 : "Shock reduction technique in thin-plate structure using elastic patches with gradual thickness variations". Shock and Vibration, v.2024, 9243316(2024)
Including appendix
학위논문 학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 항공우주공학과,
서지주기 References : p. 91-97
주제 Wave manipulation
Gradient-index lens
Wave focusing
Thickness variation
파동 전파 제어
굴절률 변화 렌즈
파동 집중
두께 변화
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(a) Compositee unit cell ofthe locally resonant elastic metamaterial(rubber-coated water cylinder) and effective medium parameters; (b) Schematic figure ofthe sample. The incident wave from left is shooting normally onto the vertical direction ofthe wedge; (c) The unit cell with simple spring-mass model ofthe system and experimental models with electromagnetic shaker for transverse, rotational exc

(a)A schematic diagram ofprinciple ofa gradient-index medium; (b) Simulation results for acoustic wave propagation in the GRIN PC with different frequency; (c) Schematic diagram ofthe GRIN PC plate. The arrow indicates the propagation direction. And simulation reulst ofthe wave propagation along the x-direction in the plate at3 MHz[18,20]

(a)(Left) Schematic diagram ofthe GRIN PC plate lens on an AT-cut quartz plate. The focusing image and the amplitude distribution along the y-direction ofthe plate. (Right) Schematic diagram ofthe GRIN PC plate lens with a PC plate waveguide. The focusing image and the amplitude distribution along the transverse direction; (b) Experimental results ofthe measured distribution ofthe GRIN PC plate le

Schematics diagram ofisotropic EFCs (red line), elliptic EFCs(brown solid line) and hyperbolic EFCs (blue solid line). [30]

(a) Image ofthefabricated elastic lens and geometry ofthe unit cell; (b) Image ofthe experimental model and setup with the elastic lens ofhyperbolic EFCs; Comparison ofthe hyperlenses having hyperbolic anc elliptic EFCs with the two sub-wavelength sources of which the distance are (c)0.482; (d) 0.452; (e)0.417. [30

(a) Outline ofthe metasurface design and anomalous refraction ofa normally incident SV-wave; (b) Schematic ofthe source shifter(left) and full wave simulation results and experimentally measured A0 wave fields ofan illusion metasurface imparting an angular momentum ofL = 6to a point source [44, 47]

(a) Schematic diagram ofthe SHWM bonded between the host structure and exciation device(left), Numerical simulation results offull wave fields(right); (b) Schematic diagram ofbeam steering by the elastic metasurface composed ofunit cells stacked together(left). Engineering longitudinal ultrasonic beam by elastic metasurface corresponding theoretical and discrete phase shifts(right). [48, 52].

Variation ofthe refractive index (a) and the thickness (b) ofthe studied lenses Vsthe normalizedx- coordinate. [53]

Real part of the displacement W(r, h) produced by a plane ((a), (c)-(e)) or cylindrical (b) wave impinging a Luneburg (a), Maxwell (b), 900 rotating (c), Eaton (d), and concentrator (e) lens at kR=8.3T [53] 16

Normalized refractive index ofseveral solutions ofthe Luneburgproblem (first four lenses). Additionally, a Concentrator lens (last lens) obtained by mapping the electromagnetic regime in the elastic one.

(a) Experimental setup for continuous profile flexural GRIN lens for multi focusing; (b) Nondimensionalized mean suqre integral ofvelocity with varied frequency input source; (c) Nondimensionalized mean square integral oftransverse velocity with different freuquency; (d) Experimental setup for PC Luneburg lens and the harvester configurations; (e) Numerical simulation results for plane wave with 0

(a) The geometry ofthe lens. (b) Dispersion curves for symmetric modes in the region outside ofthe lens (thickness = 1.02 mm, black lines) and inside ofthe lens (thickness = 0.90 mm, light green lines). The inset is a zoom in on the intersection region where the absolute value ofthe phase velocity (Vp) is the same in each region ofthe plate at a spatial frequency of0.10 mm-1. [58]

(a) Lamb wave dispersion curves in an aluminum plate ofinfinite extent and thickness h, with longitudinal and shear wave velocities of6420 and 3040 m/s, respectively. (b)Aschematic ofthe plate with a step change in thickness. (c) Symmetric modes on each side ofthe thicknessstep and (d) a zoomed-in theoretical (solid lines) and experimental plot ofthe dispersion curve in the vicinity ofthe crossing

(a) Geometry associated with wave bending on a flat plate. (b) Schematic oftheproposed structure to bend a flexural wave from a source to a receiver. (c) Topview ofthe structure serving as the hostmedium and the machined channel to bend the wave. (d) Thickness profile ofthe channel; and (e) Schematic ofthe thickness variation along the guiding trajectory. [60]

(a)A schematic ofthe profile n in space for the Eaton lens with a singularity thatapproaches infinity, where the singularity region (pink) has strong curvature with distorted space on the x-y plane. (b)A schematic ofthickness profile in the curved plate in which the relative thickness h* is analogous to the reciprocal ofn. (c) The thickness profiles ofa series ofEaton lenses for 0 = 90ㅇ (blue) and

The kinematic form of waves in an elastic solid medium: (a) quasi-longitudinal wave and (b) pure shear wave [63]

The kinematic form ofRayleigh waves in an elastic solid medium [63]

Stress component anting on an infinitesimal rectangular parallelepipec

Reflection and refraction ofincident distortion wave at a plane interface

Two modes ofLamb wave: (a) symmetric and (b) anti-symmetric [63]

Region ofthin plate and an element ofthat plate subjected to forces and moments [66]

(a) Differential element ofplate with a typical lamina abcd(b) a side view ofthe element during bending (c)a top view ofthe lamina showing shear deformation [66]

Deformation ofa plate assembly with adhesive layer[71]

Ray-tracing algorithm for prediction ofelastic wave path

Refraction and reflection behavior ofincident wave at the boundary

Thickness and refractive index profile for (a) global singularity (b) local singularity

3-Dimensional shape ofpatch based on the thickness profile for local singularity: (a) Revolution (b) Sweep (c) Double cone

Ray trajectories for conical shape patch

Ray trajectories for conical shapepatch corresponding to the thickness variation profile: (a) linear (b) quadratic (c) square root

Fabricated wave focusing patches corresponding to the thickness variation profile: (a) linear (b) quadratic (c) square root

Relative refractive-index analysis on wave focusing patch

Dimensions of wave focusing patches

Ray trajectories and density fields for wave focusing patches corresponding to the thickness variations: (a) linear (b) quadratic (c) square root

(a) Geometry ofsingular line (b) Thickness profile ofsingular line according to the thickness profile variation order (c) Refractive index profile alongthe X-axis.

Numerical model for finite element analysis

Material properties ofAL-6061-T6 and epoxy adhesive

Normalized absolute value ofacceleration field offinite element models

Normalized acceleration RMS filed offinite element analysis for wave focusing patch corresponding to the thickness variation profiles: (a) linear (b) quadratic (c) square root

Experimental setup for 2-dimensional auto stage scanning system

Focusing patch attachment and reflective tape within the scanning area for precise measurement

Schematic diagram ofthe wavelength measurement experimental setup

Finite element model for the beam assembly with adhesive and patch

Wavelength results from theoretical analysis, finite element model, and experimental model ofthin beam structure

Time-dependent normalized acceleration wavefield for the wave focusing patches

Normalized acceleration RMS fields ofexperimental results for wave focusing patches corresponding to the thickness variation profiles: (a) linear (b) quadratic (c) square root

Time domain normalized acceleration plot corresponding to the thickness variation profiles: (a) linear with focusingpoint ofX=150 mm (b) quadratic with focusingpointofX = 220 mm (c) square root with focusingpointofX = 100 mm

All results ofray tracing method, finite element analysis and experiments.

Wave speed and wavelength according to the input frequency

Geometrical parameters for investigating the operating frequency band

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for 1 kHz input frequency

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for 2 kHzinput frequency

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for 3 kHzinputfrequency

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for 5 kHzinput frequency

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for 10 kHzinput frequency

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for dual frequency input(2 kHz 十 10 kHz)

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for dual frequency input(3 kHz十 10 kHz)

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for dual frequency input(3 kHz十 5 kHz)

Normalzied accceleration RMS field for dual frequency input(1 kHz+ 2 kHz)

Multi focusing GRIN lens for mutl focusing [56]

Multi-focusing patch designed by sweeping the existing focusing patch

Ray trajecotry and ray density field for multi-focusing patch

Normalized acceleration RMS fields for multi-focusingpatch with input freqeuncy of(a) 10 kHz(b) 3kHz

Time domain acceleration field for multi-focusing patch with 10 kHz input

Time domain acceleration field for multi-focusing patch with 3 kHz input

Raytrajecotry and ray density field for narrowing patch with thickness variation profile following quartic function

Narrowing patch with thickness variation profile following quartic function

Normalized acceleration RMS fields for narrowing patch with input frequency of(a) 10 kHz (b)3 kHz

Time domain acceleration field for narrowing patch with 10 kHz input

Time domain acceleration field for narrowing patch with 3 kHz input

Bendingstiffness, wave velocity, and refractive index profile for beams with stepped and gradual thickness variations

Triangular elastic patches (A) Flat type (B) Pyramid type

Colormaps ofrelative bending stiffness and refractive index for (A) Flattype (B) Pyramid type

Analytical model ofthickness field for ray-tracing analysis

Material properties of aluminum alloy and adhesive

Beam trajectories and the normalized density field for triangle flatpatches with a of(a) 40degrees, (b) 45degrees, (c) 50 degrees.

Beam trajectories and the normalized density field for triangle pyramid patches with 0 of(a) 40 degrees, (b) 45 degrees, (c) 50 degrees.

Finite element model for numerical simulations

Material properties ofAL-6061-T6 and epoxy resin

Normalized acceleration wavefield for finite element model at t=0.7 ms

Schematic diagram and configuration of2-dimensional auto stage scanning system

Time-dependen normalized acceleration wavefield for the experimental measurements on the flat type

Time-dependent normalized acceleration wavefield for the experimental measurements on the pyramid type

12 Normalized acceleration RMS fields ofexperimental and numerical results for flatpatch

Normalized acceleration RMS fields ofexperimental and numerical results for pyramid patch

Shock reduction performance